Improvement in ventilating apparatus



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN Meniun nLL, on LONDON, Assienon 'ro .Tous uYsLor, on io sT. Junns sQUAnn, nnnnnonu'nnennnn. f-

iMPROVEMENT, IN VNTiLATlNG APPARATUS.

Specifica-tion forming part of Letters Patent N0. 35,981, dated November 18, 1862.

To all whom it m07/ concern/fl To enable those skilled in the art to `fully Be it knownthat l, JOHN MCKTNNELL, of understand and construct my invention, IWill the city of London, in the county of Middle. lsex and Kingdom of Great Britain, have inv vented a new and Improved Ventilating Atp` paratus; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanyin g drawings, making a part of this speci ication, in Which- Figure l is a vertical section of one Inodid` cation of my improved Ventilating apparatus adapted for places Where the tubes can be carri ed vertically through the roof of the structure, a: n, Fig. 2, indicating the plane of section; Fig. 2, a horizontal section of the same, 'taken in the line Fig. l; Fig. 3, a vertical section taken in the line yy, Fig. 4., of the ventilatin g apparatus as modified to suit localities Where it is necessary to convey the currents alonghorizontal passages, as between the doors of a building, 'for example; Fig. 4, a horizontal section of the same, taken in the line z z, Fig. 3'.

i Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a simple automatic apparatus to be iixed in the roofs or ceilings of public halls, churches, dwelling-'house apartments, ships cabins, railroad-cars, and other, places, for the purpose of securing efficient ventilation therein-that is to say, to provide for a steady influx of pure atmospheric air and for the discharge of the air which is viti-ated by respiration, combustion, or other causes.

The apparatus consists essentially of two tubes, arranged concentrically, and opening at their lower ends into the space lor apartment to beventilated. These tubes commu.-

'uicate with the external atmosphere at different levels, the vitiated air rising up the central tube and passing ott' at the higher level, while the fresh air enters the annular passage between the innerand outer tubes at a lower level, and descends into the space or apartmentbelow. Both passages are provided with suitable valvular mechanism for regulating the currents, that of the outer passage at the i same time serving to deflect the downward current of fresh vair and spread Vit out horizontally so as to prevent partial drafts.

proceed to describe it. w" y A, Fig. l, represents a tube, of thin metal or other suitable material, fixed in any convenlent manner in the ceiling or roof (shown in red) of the apartment or space to be ventilated. Inside this tube, and concentric' with it, is placed a smaller tube, B, which is supported by radial ribs C, or in any other con,. veulent manner. The tube B projects above the outer tube, A, and is surmounted by a oever or hood, D, from beneath the edges of which the vitiated air rising through this centrai tube escapes, as indicated by the black'4 arrows'. The upper open end ot the outer tube, A,'is also covered by an annular hood, E underneath which fresh ai'r passes down into said outer tube. The tubes A and B are so proportioned that the sectional area of the central tuba'B, is about equal to the sectional area ot' the annular passage comprehended betwen the two tubes.l

When the apparatus is in action, the 'doors and windows Ot' the apartment to which it is applied being closed, the vitiated air, Whichis heated, and consequently lighter than the external fresh air, rises up the central tube, B, on account of the greater length otk this tube, While the heavier fresh air descends through the shorter external passage, A, and thus a constant current is kept up, the air as it becomes vitiated and heated rising and passing ott', While its place is suppliedA by pure, fresh atmospheric air from the outside of the structure.

The valvular apparatus for regulating the currents consists, in the case of the central tube, B, of a simple throttle-valve, F, set upon a transverse spindle inside the tube, and Weighted on one side so as .to have a tendency to.. maintain a vertical position, leaving the passage fully open. The valve is closed- Wholly cr'partially by means of a cord, G, conveyed through apertures Hin the tube and over pulleys, if desired, toany point Where it can be conveniently adjusted by an attendant. The valve appertaining to the outer air-passage, A, is an annular flange or plate, Lwhich slightly overlaps the'mouth ot' the passage, and is lined to the bottom of a short length of tube, J, fitted to slide easily inside the tube B.

|This valve is suspended by means of the B, are represented as ot circular section, it is bridle-piece K, to which a suspensory cord, L, is attached, and this cord passes through aperturesfin the tubes A B, and over pulleys, -if desired, to any point Where it can be conven iently adjusted by an attendant. When the vaive I is drawn up as high as is possible, it completely closes the do wndraftpassagemhile, by letting it downmore orless, the passageis correspondingly opened, and the current of air impinging upon the plate I is deiieeted and spread out in a horizontal direction, (see blue arrows) so as to be more uniformly dispersed over the apartment cr space to which the ventilator is applied. The under side of the valve I may be ornamented in any convenient way,

rosette, M. (See Fig. 2.)

In the modification represented in Figs. 3 and 4, the same principle is preserved throughout, there being but a sight change in construction in order to adapt the device or apparatus tothe conveying of currents along -horizontai passagesas bet een the iioors of a building, for example. The central tube, B, instead of being open at the top for the escape ofthe foul or vit-iated air, is made to communicate with the horizontal tube N, in which a throttle-valve, O. is-iitted, the tube N being extended to the desired lpoint and communieating;` With a vertical tube, P, passing through' the roof of the buildingr or structure, a horizontal tube, Q, comn unicating with the extcr nal tube A, through which the fresh atmospheric air passes intoA. The tube Q is also provided with a throttlevalve, It.

obvious that the same eit'ect may be obtained l by means of tubes. of any convenient section, such as square or polygon al tubes, the various details being shaped to correspond.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A ventilator for apartments or other inclosed spaces, composed of two concentric tubes or passages 'opening below in the ceiling or top of the apartment orinciosed space, and communicating with the external atmosphere at different levels, when used in connection with a deflecting-ange, I, adjustable or otherwise, to distribute the pure air within the apartment, substantiallyas set lforth.

2. The employment or use, in the ventilator described, of. an adjustable iiange or annular plate, which serves to ciose the passage, either wholly or partially, when required, and which `when open acts as a deector to detlect directiom as hereinbefore described` 3. A ventilator for apartments, composed of two concentric tubes or passages opening below in the ceiling or top of the apartment or inclosed space, and `communicating with the external air at diierent levels, when used in combination with a horizontal tube or tubes, Q, for the ingress of pure air, substantially as and for the purposes set forth..

Witnesses:

JOHN NEWTON, is. W. BROOKE,

I `would remark that, although the tubes A Both of l0 Borch'ur Lane, London.

and spread out the current in a horizontal4 

